
Porcelain, using kaolin was discovered
in China during the T'ang dynasty (AD 618-907). In the late
13th century while traveling through China, Marco Polo discovered
a translucent ceramic unknown to the West. He «baptized»
this iridescent colored object «porcellana»
(It orig., type of cowry shell, likened to the vulva of
a sow which was prized by the Romans.
Porcelain became highly valued by
the Emperors and heads of state in all of Europe. After
1498, with the opening of the route to India bill Vasco
de Gama the porcelain rush was on. A regular trade was now
established between the Orient and Europe. In the centuries
following, Portugal, Holland, England and France all fought
for the right to import the marvelous Chinese porcelain
known as «Porcelaine de la Compagnie de Indes».
During the Renaissance, alchemist
were still baff led by the composition of the Chinese porcelain.
Out of all the attempts, the Medicis of Florence and French
princes of Saint Cloud, Chantilly and Vincennes were by
far the closest to discover the formula. This gave birth
the «loft-poste» which didn't have the durability
and resi nance of Chinese porcelain. It lacked the base
element of kaolin, still unknown in Europe.
The secret of true «hard»
porcelain was net discovered until 1707 in Saxony, by an
alchemist Bôttger, who discovered a deposit of kaolin.
The first known «hard paste» porcelain factorill
outside of China was founded at Meissen.
The formula was preciously
guarded until 1767 when «hard paste» porcelain
was produced at «La Manufacture de Sevres» in
Limousin, France. Around 1765, in Saint Yriex la Perche
en Haute Vienne, a surgeons' wife used the white substance
as soap to do her washing. Her husband, impressed with the
results, wanted to commercialize her discovery. Aid was
sought from Villaris, a pharmacist from Bordeaux, who identifies
the kaolin and sells his discovery to the Manufacture of
Sevres. After 1768, kaolin is regularly mined from Saint
Yriex la Perche, supplying the Parisian manufacturers.
In 1771, under the impetus direction
of Turgot, the production of porcelain begins in the Limousin
region known as «La Manufacture Grellet freres-Massie-Fournerat».
Thus ending the four century quest of the producing Limoges
porcelain.